German VAT at 19% or 7%: netto to brutto and back, for one amount or a whole invoice
Estimates only, not financial advice. What you type stays on your device. Checked against sources on 10 Oct 2026.German VAT (Mehrwertsteuer) is 19% on most sales and 7% on most food, books, local transport and restaurant food. On 100 euros net, 19% adds 19.00 euros for a gross price of 119.00 euros. To take VAT out of a gross price, multiply by 19/119, so 119.00 euros gross holds 19.00 euros of VAT.
2026 · Rates and rules read from the sources listed on this page (the earliest on 10 Oct 2026); they may have changed since.
Choose Net to gross to add VAT, or Gross to net to take it out of a price.
Type the amount, or tap one of the example amounts, and pick 19%, 7% or 0%.
Tap Add line for an invoice with several items or rates.
Read net, VAT per rate and gross at once, and copy the share link to send the figures.
This calculator adds German VAT to a net amount or takes it out of a gross price, for one amount or an invoice with several lines at different rates. It shows the net, the VAT for each rate and the gross total at once.
The rates. Germany has three VAT rates in § 12 of the Umsatzsteuergesetz. The standard rate of 19% applies to most goods and services. The reduced rate of 7% covers most food, books and newspapers, local public transport, short hotel stays and restaurant and catering services (drinks stay at 19%). A rate of 0% applies to solar modules, storage and the main parts of a photovoltaic system on or near a home.
Net to gross. Multiply the net amount by 1.19 or 1.07. 250 euros net at 19% is 297.50 euros gross, of which 47.50 euros is VAT.
Gross to net. Divide the gross price by 1.19 or 1.07; the VAT inside is the gross times 19/119 or 7/107. A receipt of 53.50 euros at 7% holds 3.50 euros of VAT on 50.00 euros net.
Invoices with several rates. A German invoice must show the net amount and the VAT for each rate separately. Add a line for each item and pick its rate: the calculator adds up the lines of each rate and works out the VAT once per rate, rounded half up to the cent, which is how the totals on an invoice are built. Three items of 3.33 euros at 7% carry 0.70 euros VAT together, where rounding each line would give 0.69.
Typing amounts. Both styles work: 1.234,56 as written in Germany and 1,234.56 as written in English.
The calculator does not cover small businesses that charge no VAT (§ 19 UStG) or reverse-charge invoices. For pay rather than prices, see the Germany Minijob Calculator or, for Austria, the Austria Net Salary Calculator.
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Multiply the net amount by 0.19 for the VAT and by 1.19 for the gross price. 100 euros net carries 19.00 euros of VAT and costs 119.00 euros gross; 1,000 euros net becomes 1,190.00 euros. Round the VAT to the cent, half up.
Divide the gross price by 1.19 at the standard rate or by 1.07 at the reduced rate to get the net. The VAT is the gross times 19/119 or 7/107: 119.00 euros gross holds 19.00 euros of VAT, and 107.00 euros at 7% holds 7.00 euros.
The reduced rate of 7% in § 12 UStG covers most food, books and newspapers, local public transport, short hotel stays and restaurant and catering services, while drinks there stay at 19%. Most other goods and services, including electronics, clothing and professional services, carry the standard 19%.
A German invoice lists the net amount and the VAT separately for each rate, under § 14 UStG. Add up the net lines of each rate, work out that rate's VAT once and round it to the cent, then add both rates for the gross total.
Germany applies 0% VAT to solar modules, battery storage and the essential parts of a photovoltaic system installed on or near homes and certain public buildings, under § 12 Abs. 3 UStG. A buyer of such a system pays the net price with no VAT added, and the calculator shows the 0% line on its own.
Mehrwertsteuer (MwSt) and Umsatzsteuer (USt) name the same German tax: the law calls it Umsatzsteuer, while shops and receipts usually say Mehrwertsteuer. Both mean the 19% standard or 7% reduced rate added to the net price, which the seller passes on to the tax office.
Rates and rules change; check the source before you rely on a figure.
Still stuck? Ask about Germany VAT Calculator (MwSt-Rechner 19% and 7%) and anybody who knows can answer. No account needed.
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